How did we get here?
The compunds from which humans are made are embarrasingly common. 99% of the body is a mixture of air water coal and chalk.
The elements which make a human cost at most a few pounds.
Atoms organise themsleves into thinking breathing beings. How is the most intriging question to ask.
Science has pushed past religion and philosophy to answer this.
There is a strange and unexpected relationship between order and chaos.
Natrual world = buzzing confusion
mess of querky patterns, never seems to repeat itself exactly.,
All this mahem is unpinned by mathmatical formula.
Alan Turring. - great mathmatician - thoguht of the concept of the computer. saw patterns that we cannot. natural world was where he reaslied these patterns. possibility that Simple mathmatical equations could be used to begin to predict things in the biological world. no one had thought of that before.
Mathmatical equations could be used to understand human behaviour. thought
what happens to the mind....what is it? came from grief of boyfriends death.
inteliigence in mathmatical equation.
morphogenisis - chemical reaction with a cell - to think of a formula for this cell.
how do cell which start the same know how to change into an eye or skin?
morphogeneis = self organisation. no one had a clue how it worked before him.
1952 - paper with first mathematical explanation for cells. usually used in astromony or physics euqtion used to describe biological processes.
their equations described something familiay but never thought of in biology.
wind in sand....grains ripple into waves and dunes. this happens even thought the grains are identitcal and have no knowledge of the shapes they become part of.
very similar way chemicals in embryos could cause cells to organise into different organs.
*his drawings of how it might work*
mathematics for biology.
suddenly the door was opened.
he killed himself after being wrongly accused
borris bolusov - he found a chemical reaction which went from yellow and white then back again. osalated
he wrote his paper, got rejected, he gave up science. he never saw turins work.
B-Z reaction. very bland solution, suddenly becomes patterned. co ordinated waves, same as our heart cells when we beat.
scientists didnt believe it - why?? - just didnt like.
end of the 19th century scientist thoguht the world could be sussed out and it would eventually be predicted. clock work universe. followed the rules, complicated machine, once u set it going it would only do one thing. the one thing run by mathematical rules must be fairly easy. once we had a euqtion we could work what things would do. predict tommorow.
WE USED TO THINK THAT IF U HAD WEIRD BEHAVIOUR IN SOMETHING YOUR WORKING ON THIS MUST THE RESULT OF SOME RANDOM OUTSIDE INFLUENCES. IT COULDNT BE INTERNALLY GENERATED. IT WASNT AN INTRINSIC PART OF THE PROBLEM. IT WAS SOME OTHER THING IMPACTING ON IT.
orgainsation seemed obsurd. the thought of complexity inside was rbbish thought. the utonian view would have to collapse. but the utonian scientists found an unexpected discovery and realised something was worng. shatter the utonian drema and plunged us into chaos.
Discovery of CHAOS.
A system which is completely desrdibed by mathemcial equation is more than capable of being completely unpredictable without any help from the outside.
Chaos very very simple rule, we know everything about it, nothing random about it can have out comes that are entirely unpredictable.
edward lornez - tired to make equation for prediction of weather he was wrong.
it was like the smallest breathe of wind a month ago could make the difference between a snow storm or a beautiful summers day.
the tinest difference in starting positions too small to mesaure can get bigger and bigger, each step in process the system then moves further and further awat from where u thoguht it was going. DOES THE FLAP OF A BUTTERFLIES WING IN BRAZIL SET OFF A TORNADO IN TEXAS.
THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT.
People tried to calculate the things and it wasnt working so the idea that there could be a mathmatical eqution was shattered. the end of the utonian dream.
logical certainty was just an act of faith.
IF YOU HAVE AN EQUATION WHERE THE OUTPUT IS CHAOTIC THEN YOU CAN NEVER WORK OUT WHERE THE STARTING POINT BEGAN.
chaos is everything,.
unpredicatblity was wried into every aspect of the world we live in. climate, stock market could crash, wiped off the planet, nothing we could do about it.
to be scared of chaos. basic laws of physcis. fact of life.
CHAOS POSSIBILITIES ARE BROADER AND MORE GENERAL.
scientsit went back to look at turin and everyone else and realised theyd all discovered lots of different parts from the same really big idea. the natural world could be deeply profoundly unpredicitbale. but this can still be ordered.
more depply linked than we could imagine,
how possible?
what do these patterns all have in coomon? o=
the are all complciated but based on same simple rules.
these rules have a unique property - coupling or FEEDBACK!!!!
show order and chaos from a simple system feedback.
BEING FILMED IN FRONT OF A CAMERA PROJECTED HIMSELF BEHIND. IN A LOOP THIS IS A FEEDBACK LOOP. PCITURE IN A PCITURE IN A PCTURE. SEEMED PREDICATBLE,. WHEN U ZOOM IN WEIRD THINGS HAPPEN. THE OBJECT STOPPED RESEMBLING WHATS ON THE SCREEN SMALL CHANGES ARE AMPLAFIED. BACK TO SCREEN AND BACK AGAIN. U CAN DESRICBE THE PROCESS MATHMATICALLY BUT U CANT PREDCIT HOW THE FINAL AESTHTIC WILL LOOK. THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT IN ACTION
THIS SIMPLE SYSTEM PRODUCES CHAOS AND ORDER.
THE SAME EQUATION IS PRODUCING PATTERNED BEHAVIOUS AND CHAOTIC BEHAVIOUR.
THAT THERE ARE REGULARITIES AND NATURE AND TOTALLY SPEREATE THERE COULD IRREUGLALIRTIES. THESE ARE TWO ENDS OF SPECTRUM, TOGETHER.
PATTERN IS EVERYWHERE ITS JUST WAITING TO HAPPEN.
BENOIR MANDELBROT - SKIPPED SCHOOL - JEW = SELF TAUGHT OR TUTORED. NEVER LEANRED THE ALPHABET OR MULITPLICAITON. A GIFT FOR SEEING PATTERNS, RULES WHERE OTHER PPL COULDNT. SE FORM AND STURCTURE WHERE OTHERS SEE SHAPELESS MESS. HE SAW THIS MATHETIC WHICH COULD PULL THESE TOGETHER.
WORKED FOR IBM. WORKING ON PROBLEMS IN NATURE, ECONOMY AND IT DAWNED ON HIM THAT EVERYTHING HE WAS DOING WAS PART OF THE SAME BIG PICTURE. WANTED TO CHASE THIS BIGGER PICTURE.
HE WAS FASCINATED THAT WE HAD STRAIGHT LINES AND PERFECT CIRCLES BUT THIS DIDNT MIRROR THE REAL NATURAL WORLD
from a distance rocks look like semi cirlces etc but up close, it isnt. SO WHAT SHAPE IS IT?
MANDLEBROT something universal. the patterns in clouds
the patterns in nature
SELF SIMILARITY EUQATION
THIS DESCRIBES ANYTHING IN WHICH THE SAME SHAPE...IS REPEATED..OVER AND OVER AGAIN AT SMALLER AND SMALLER SCALES.
branches of trees. they fork and fork again repeating the same process smae in the structure of our lungs and bloody vessels in our bodies, how rivers splint into streams.
romanesco brocolli.
this was the basis of an enitrely new geometery. FRACTAL.
could u represent its essence in a picutre taken from an equation. could u make a picture which didnt look man made? he used a super computer to draw this shape;.
THUMBPRINT OF GOD. MATHMATICAL IMAGES.
THE MANBROTS SET.
AMNMMMAING IMAGE
Z >< Z2 + C
FEEDS BACK ON ITSELF....EACH OTUPUT BECOEMS THE INPUT FOR THE NEST GO. THIS FEEDBACK MEANS A SIMPLE EQUATION CAN PROCESS AN OUTPUT OF INFINATE COMPLEXITY.
WHEN WE LOOK AT complexitieS IN NATURE WE THINK WHERE DID THAT COME FROM? THERE IS SOMETHING IS OUT HEADS WHICH TELLS US THAT COMPLXITY DOE SNOT ERISE FROM SIMPLICTY IT MUST COME FROM SOMETHING COIMPLCATED WE CONVERSE COMPLEXITY BUT MATHEMATICS TELLS US VERY SIMPE RULES NATRUALLY GIVE RISE TO VERY COMPLEX OBECJTS. SO ONE THING CAN BE VERY SIMPLE AND COMPLEX FROM TWO POINTS OF VIEW. THAT MEANS WE HAVE TO RETHINK COMPLETELY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIMPLCITY AND COMPLEXITY.
COMPLEX SYSTEMS CAN BE BASED ON SIMNPLE RULES.,
APPLIES ALLLLL OVER OUR WORLD.
THIS IS IN MY WORK!!]
A FLOCK OF BIRDS. LOOKS SIMPLICIST BUT VERY COMPLACITED THINGS ARE GOING ON. IM POSSIBLE TO PREDICT WHAT TI DOES., NEVER REPEATS ITSELF EVER. LIKE THE BELUSOX REACTTON. VIDEO LOOPS AND SAND DUNES. U KNOW THEYLL MAKE A CERTIAN PATTERN BUT CANT PREDICT THE OUTCOMES.
CAN IT EXPLAIN WHY LIFE EXISTS? HOW DUST TURNS INTO HUMAN BEINGS. HOW MATTER CAN MAKE INTELLIGENCE?
U MIGHT THINK ITS BEYOND SCIENCE.
should we give yup if we cant predict it.
EVOLUTION HAS BUILT OF THESE PATTERNS.
Its taken all the systems and built on the ones that work. completely unconcoious but thats whats happening,
natures self organising
evolution enriches complex systems.
a device can mimic this fast process. the computer. can churn millions of calculations per second. simluate evolution.
aadpative and complex systems.
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